Virginia Cannabis Laws in 2025: What You Need to Know

Written by: Bradley Marshall

As of May 2025, Virginia continues to make headlines as a state that has legalized cannabis for personal use but not for retail sale. Whether you’re a Virginia resident or just visiting, understanding the current cannabis laws can help you stay informed—and out of trouble. Here’s a clear breakdown of where things stand.

What’s Legal?

Possession for Personal Use
Adults aged 21 and over can legally possess up to 1 ounce of marijuana in public. Possession of larger amounts may result in civil fines or criminal charges depending on the quantity.

Home Cultivation
You may grow up to four cannabis plants per household, but they must be labeled with the grower’s name and kept out of public view. These are for personal use only—selling what you grow is still a criminal offense.

Medical Marijuana
Virginia maintains a legal medical cannabis program. Certified patients can obtain cannabis products from licensed dispensaries with a written recommendation from a registered healthcare provider.

What’s Still Illegal?

Retail Sales of Recreational Cannabis
Despite legal possession, Virginia does not currently allow the sale of recreational marijuana. A bill to establish a retail market was passed by the General Assembly in early 2025 but vetoed by Governor Glenn Youngkin in March. This means you can’t legally buy recreational cannabis from a dispensary or storefront in Virginia.

Public Use
Using cannabis in public spaces—including parks, sidewalks, or in vehicles—is prohibited. Consumption is only allowed on private property with the owner’s permission.

Driving While High
Cannabis-impaired driving is treated similarly to alcohol-impaired driving. If you’re caught under the influence behind the wheel, you could face DUI charges, license suspension, fines, or jail time.

Distribution and Sales Without a License
Gifting small amounts of marijuana between adults is allowed, but any exchange involving money, services, or other items of value is illegal.

Penalties to Watch Out For

• 1–4 ounces: Civil offense, $25 fine
• 4 ounces–1 pound: Misdemeanor, up to $500 fine and jail time
• Over 1 pound: Felony charges and potential imprisonment
• More than 4 plants: Civil or criminal penalties depending on the number and prior offenses

Legislative Roadblocks

Earlier this year, Virginia lawmakers passed House Bill 2485, which aimed to launch a regulated retail cannabis market starting in 2026. The bill had support from both parties, outlining licensing plans, tax revenues, and oversight mechanisms. However, Governor Youngkin’s veto means Virginians will have to wait longer for legal recreational sales—and possibly until a new administration takes office.

The Bottom Line

Virginia’s cannabis laws remain a mix of progress and prohibition. You can legally possess and grow marijuana, but you still can’t buy it in stores. As lawmakers and advocates continue to push for a regulated market, staying informed and complaint is crucial.

If you’re considering cannabis use in Virginia, do so responsibly—and legally. Keep an eye on state developments, as the legislative landscape is likely to change in the coming years.

Need Legal Advice?
If you have questions about how these laws affect you or your business, consulting a licensed attorney is the best next step. Legal interpretations and enforcement can vary by locality, and staying proactive can help you avoid costly legal trouble.

If you have any questions, please contact us at 703-369-4738 or info@vfnlaw.com.

This blog post is not intended to provide legal advice or substitute for the advice of legal counsel with respect to specific facts and situations. See disclaimer